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MATHX.DOC
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MATHX.DOC
All the MATHX programs and related software and documentation are
Copyright 1989, 1990, 1991 by David Denker.
All rights reserved.
You may copy the following files and give them to anyone who
agrees to the following terms. The copies must be complete and
unmodified and all program files must be included. The files
must be from the same version arcived file or package.
MATHX.COM FINANCE.APL MATHXR.COM
MATHX.DFT ONEARM.APL MATHXR.DFT
MATHX.ENV TRIANGLE.UTL MATHX.VAR
MATHX.HLP INSTALL.BAT ONEARM.ENV
MATHX.DOC CONVERT.UTL FINANCE.ENV
MATHX.BAT GRAPH.UTL MATHXDEM.ENV
MATHX.MEM MATHX.SET MX-READ.ME
MATHX.PIF FINANCE.APR MXR-READ.ME
MATHX.ICO MATHXDEM.APL
Sysops or operators of electronic bulletin board systems may post
these files in arcive form or as a group for downloading by their
users only as long as the above conditions are met. Please
support my products by honoring this restriction.
Please remember the good spirit of free-distribution software. If
you find this software good enough to use, I trust that you will
pay for it. Only then can I improve on it and continue to offer
it to you and other users.
If you are a registered user, Thank-you for your support.
The MATHX programs have been thoroughly debugged but if you find
bugs in my programs, please contact me. I will fix them! It is
very frustrating to hear someone tell other people about a bug
that I have not been told about.
My address is:
David Denker
204 4th Ave. S.
P. O. Box 115
Isanti, Mn. 55040
My phone number is:
612-444-4916 (evenings and weekends)
On CompuServe: user ID No. 72060,2434
If you have an application that you think will work using this
software and you want to market it and want me to program it,
please write to me. I will consider all requests.
CompuServe is a registered trademark of CompuServe, Inc.
THE FILES YOU SHOULD HAVE.
MATHX.COM The main MATH EXTRA program.
MATHX.ENV The MATHX environment file.
MATHX.SET The MATHX color and parameter setup file.
MATHX.DFT The MATHX defaults file.
MATHX.MEM The MATHX string memory save file.
MATHX.VAR The MATHX variable save file.
MATHX.DOC This document file.
MATHX.BAT The file used to run MATHX from the base dir.
MATHX.ICO The MATHX ICON file for windows 3.0.
MATHX.PIF A file used by windows 3.0.
MATHX.HLP The MATHX help file.
MATHXR.COM The main MATH EXTRA RESIDENT program.
MATHXR.DFT The MATHXR defaults file.
MATHXDEM.APL The MATHX demo application file.
MATHXDEM.ENV The MATHX demo environment file.
FINANCE.APL The finance application for MATHX.
FINANCE.ENV The finance environment file.
ONEARM.APL The one arm bandit game application file.
ONEARM.ENV The one arm bandet game environment file.
FINANCE.APR The finance application for MATHXR.
CONVERT.UTL The over 500 unit conversion utility file.
GRAPH.UTL The graph making utility file.
TRIANGLE.UTL The right and oblique triangle utility file.
INSTALL.BAT Used to install MATHX on your hard drive.
MX-READ.ME A quick summary of the MATHX package.
MXR-READ.ME A quick summary of the MATHXR package.
If you are going to use MATHX from a floppy disk, you can delete
the MATHX.BAT and INSTALL.BAT files. To install MATHX on your
hard drive, run the INSTALL program. This will put all the MATHX
files in a directory named MATHX and the MATHXR files and the
MATHX.BAT file on the base dir. The format is INSTALL drive:
Example INSTALL C:
What did you buy?
If you bought this software from a distribution house, you have
bought a disk that has great software on it but you have not
bought the software yet. I have no relationship with any of the
distribution houses and I do not get a penny of the fee you paid
for the disk containing MATH EXTRA and MATH EXTRA RESIDENT. Many
distribution houses do a poor job of revealing the true nature of
the shareware system of distributing software. If you thought you
purchased this software free and clear, you might be a little
angry with them for misleading you. But I hope you will not feel
that you have been cheated out of anything. The distribution
houses do a good job of distributing software for programmers like
me who have spent all their time programming and no time learning
marketing and distribution techniques. These programs are
distributed at almost no cost to me and that is why I can sell
them for a lot less than "commercial" software. As a result, this
is great for you the customer, because you are getting great
software for a lot less and also good for me the programmer,
because I don't have to spend a lot of money on distribution. The
distribution houses must charge something for the disks because
they pay for the advertising and do all the work. I hope you will
be happy with this form of software promoting and actively support
it. This way you will encourage the best programmers in the world
to keep programming for you, and not for the big corporations.
Why register?
For the most part this is a question you must answer. If you find
this software useful, and I think you will, it is a matter of
honesty that you will pay for it. You are on your honor. This is
something you must decide for yourself. Also many users
procrastinate in registering. They simply have not got around to
it yet. To help you with this process I am giving some incentives
for registering. All registered users will receive additional
utilities sent with their MATHX registered software. The printed
manual is available to registered users only. The word
"UNREGISTERED" will no longer be displayed at the top of the
program's main screen and graphic mode screen. Also you will be
on my mailing list. You may then get notices about new utilities
and applications for MATHX and MATHXR. (Many are planned. I now
have two special purpose applications available as an aid to sheet
metal stamping and NC turret punch programming.) Also, one free
update is available to registered users and after that low cost
updated versions will be available. Last but not least, you will
know that you have done the right thing. I will know that you
appreciate the work that I have done and that software distributed
this way can be beneficial to both you and to me.
O R D E R F O R M
Denker Software
204 4th Ave. S.
P. O. Box 115
Isanti, Mn. 55040
MATH EXTRA RESIDENT, (MATHXR)
program and manual on disk.
(includes MATHXR registration) . . . . _____ @ $20.00 ea. $_______
MATH EXTRA, (MATHX)
program and manual on disk.
(includes MATHX registration). . . . . _____ @ $30.00 ea. $_______
MATHX & MATHXR
programs & manual on disk.
(includes registration for both) . . . _____ @ $40.00 ea. $_______
Printed manual for MATHX & MATHXR
(registered users only) . . . . . . . _____ @ $10.00 ea. $_______
Update to latest version. (1 free)
(registered users only) . . . . . . . _____ @ $7.00 ea. $_______
Subtotal $__________
Minnesota residents add 6.5% sales tax $_________
If outside the U.S. and Canada, add $5.00 for handling $_________
Total $___________
Check disk type. (720K) 3 1/2"_____ (360K) 5 1/4"_____
Name __________________________________________________________
Company _______________________________________________________
Address _______________________________________________________
City _______________________________State_______Zip____________
or Country_______________________
Phone No. _ _ _ - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _
Sorry, no C.O.D. orders will be accepted.
Orders from outside of the UNITED STATES please send a check drawn
on a U.S. bank in U.S. dollars.
DENKER SOFTWARE
MATH EXTRA (MATHX)
Version 3.00
MATH EXTRA RESIDENT (MATHXR)
Version 2.12
(Unregistered Copy)
R E F E R E N C E M A N U A L
Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1991
by
David Denker
P.O. Box 115
Isanti, Mn. 55040
Phone 612-444-4916
(Evenings & Weekends)
All rights reserved.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LICENSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
WARRANTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Hardware requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
THE MATH PROGRAMS
MATHX.COM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
LCD mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
MATHXR.COM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
TERMINOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
FUNCTION OF KEYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10
FUNCTIONS
Math Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Special Functions and Constants . . . . . . . . 12
PRIORITY OF CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
ANSWER SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
DATA INPUT
Decimal input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Hexadecimal input . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Input to variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Input to string memories . . . . . . . . . . . 16
MANUAL CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
PROGRAMMED CALCULATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Application files . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Utility files . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Defaults files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
STATEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
AOFF Comma form off . . . . . . . . . . . 21
AON Comma form on . . . . . . . . . . . 21
BC Background color . . . . . . . . . . 21
BEEP Beep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
BOFF Disable Blinking . . . . . . . . . . 21
BON Enable Blinking . . . . . . . . . . 21
CALL Call a sub-routine . . . . . . . . . 21
CC Character color . . . . . . . . . . 22
CLS Clear Screen . . . . . . . . . . . 22
COFF HEX complement off . . . . . . . . . 22
COL Cursor to column No. . . . . . . . . . 22
CON HEX complement on . . . . . . . . . . 22
DATA Use DATA per variable . . . . . . . . 22
Statements cont.
DEGM Degree mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
DIGL Digits left of DP . . . . . . . . . . 23
DIGR Digits right of DP . . . . . . . . . 23
DPRN Display and Print . . . . . . . . . . 23
DSP Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
EDITOR Define editor for EDIT . . . . . . . . 24
EOFF Scientific notation form [] . . . . . . 24
EON Scientific notation form E . . . . . . . 24
EREQ Scientific notation required . . . . . . 25
FF Form Feed to printer . . . . . . . . . 25
FKEY Define Function keys . . . . . . . . . 25
GOTO Jump to location No. . . . . . . . . . 26
GRAD Grads mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
HEAD Header line . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
HOFF Header off . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
IF IF THEN do . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
INFO Get system information . . . . . . . . 27
INPP Input form I/O port . . . . . . . . . 27
INPUT Input from keyboard . . . . . . . . . 28
INS Insert mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
KYCK Key input check . . . . . . . . . . 28
KOFF No case check for IF string . . . . . . 28
KON Check case of IF string . . . . . . . . 28
KYIN Get key input . . . . . . . . . . . 28
MENU Menu statement . . . . . . . . . . . 29
MENUU 3D Menu statement . . . . . . . . . . 29
MLIN Get mouse cursor line No. . . . . . . . 30
MLOC Get mouse cursor location . . . . . . . 30
MLVL Get menu line level . . . . . . . . . 30
MOFF Disable mouse operation . . . . . . . . 30
MON Enable mouse operation . . . . . . . . 30
MSET Set mouse cursor location . . . . . . . 30
ON On expression GOTO or CALL . . . . . . . 31
OUTP Output to I/O port . . . . . . . . . 31
OVER Over type mode . . . . . . . . . . . 31
PARM Parameter statements . . . . . . . . . 31
POFF Disable print . . . . . . . . . . . 32
PON Enable print . . . . . . . . . . . 32
PRN Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
QOFF Quiet mode off . . . . . . . . . . . 32
QON Quiet mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
QUIT Quit execution . . . . . . . . . . . 32
RADM Radian mode . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
RC Restore colors . . . . . . . . . . . 32
RET Return from a sub-routine . . . . . . . 33
ROFF Disable round off of answer . . . . . . 33
RON Enable round off of answer . . . . . . . 33
ROW Cursor to row No. . . . . . . . . . . 33
SAVE Save instruction line . . . . . . . . 33
SC Save colors . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
SLOC Start location for application . . . . . 33
TIME Get time . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Statements cont.
TITLE Add title to application . . . . . . . 34
TONE Generate musical notes . . . . . . . . 34
USE Use keyboard buffer . . . . . . . . . 35
USES Use keyboard buffer . . . . . . . . . 35
VIDM Get video mode . . . . . . . . . . . 35
WAIT Timed wait . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
WDSP Window display data . . . . . . . . . 36
WIND Window statement . . . . . . . . . . 37
WINDD 3D Window statement . . . . . . . . . 37
WLCC Window line color change . . . . . . . 38
WOFF Window off statement . . . . . . . . . 38
XOFF Disable scientific notation . . . . . . 38
XON Enable scientific notation . . . . . . . 38
GRAPHIC MODE STATEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
GRAF Graphic display mode enable . . . . . . 39
ARC Display arc . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
CIRC Display circle . . . . . . . . . . . 40
DOT Display dot . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
GMOD Set graphic video mode . . . . . . . . 40
GOFF Disable graphics . . . . . . . . . . 41
INPUT Input from keyboard . . . . . . . . . 41
LINE Display line . . . . . . . . . . . 41
STATEMENT NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
COMMANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
DEL Delete file command . . . . . . . . . 43
DOS Exit to DOS command shell . . . . . . . 43
EDIT Edit application file . . . . . . . . 43
GET Return saved instruction line . . . . . . 43
HELP Display HELP information . . . . . . . 44
LIST List Function key definitions . . . . . . 44
LOAD Load an application file . . . . . . . 44
LODM Load string memories . . . . . . . . . 44
LODV Load variables . . . . . . . . . . . 44
RUN Load and run secondary applications . . . . 45
SAVE Save previous instruction line . . . . . 45
SAVM Save string memories . . . . . . . . . 45
SAVV Save variables . . . . . . . . . . . 45
STAT Status of parameters . . . . . . . . . 45
@ Run application file . . . . . . . . . 45
ENVIRONMENT FILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Environment commands & statements:
APLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
AWBB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
AWBF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
CLRL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
EHB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
EHF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
ELCB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
ELCF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
ENVIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
EVHD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
EWB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
EWF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
EWBB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
EWBF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
EXIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
FDIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
GETM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
GETV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
LIST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
LOAD$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
MWBB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
MWBF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
NDIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
PLC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
RUN$ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
SAVS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
UWBB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
UWBF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
ERROR MESSAGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51-56
LICENSE
All versions of MATHX and MATHXR are not public domain software,
nor are they free software.
Use of non-registered copies of MATHX or MATHXR software by any
person, business, corporation, governmental agency or other group
or institution is strictly forbidden.
No user may modify MATHX or MATHXR in any way, including but not
limited to decompiling, disassembling or otherwise reverse
engineering these programs.
Registration permits you the right to use one copy of the
purchased software on a single computer. You may not rent or
lease the MATHX or MATHXR software programs, but you may transfer
registered copies of the software and accompanying written
materials on a permanent basis provided you do not retain any
copies and the recipient agrees to the terms of this license.
1
LIMITED WARRANTY
ONLY SOFTWARE PURCHASED DIRECTLY FROM Denker Software IS COVERED
BY THIS WARRANTY!
Denker Software warrants that the MATHX and MATHXR software
programs will perform substantially in accordance with the
accompanying written materials for a period of 90 days from the
date of receipt. Any implied warranties on the MATHX and MATHXR
software programs are limited to 90 days.
Denker Software's entire liability and your exclusive remedy
shall be, at Denker Software's option, either (a) return of the
purchase price or (b) replacement of the software that does not
meet Denker Software's Limited Warranty and which is returned to
Denker Software within 90 days from the date of receipt.
Denker Software makes no other warranty of any kind on the
MATHX and MATHXR programs or any software used by these programs,
express or implied, including but not limited to implied
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose, with respect to the software and accompanying written
materials.
The user is responsible to determine the fitness of this
software for the users needs.
Denker Software shall not be liable for any damages, whether
indirect or direct, whether special or consequential, arising from
failure of this program to operate in the manner or the
expectations of the user.
Denker Software shall not be liable for any damage to data or
property which may be caused, whether directly or indirectly, by
the use of these programs.
Denker Software will in no way be liable to anyone, or any
group or organization, for any damages, including any lost
profits, lost savings or other incidental or consequential damages
arising out of the use or inability to use these programs.
2
INTRODUCTION
MATH EXTRA (MATHX) is a general purpose programmable scientific
math computer program designed for the everyday computer user.
There are many math programs in circulation today but not many
with the power of MATHX at the price of MATHX. MATHX uses a Basic
language type of programming format and is easy to learn very
quickly. But, MATHX is not written in basic! MATHX was written
using assembly language for the smallest, fastest code possible.
Ease of use is its main feature. For most math uses, just type in
the problem and hit the ENTER key for the answer. MATH EXTRA
comes in two configurations, one of which is the MATH EXTRA
RESIDENT (MATHXR) program. As the name implies, MATHXR is a
resident form of MATHX. MATHXR is a modified ability program due
to the memory restraints of a resident program, but, once
installed, you will like the convenience of hitting the CTRL-ALT-M
keys and having a scientific math program come up on the screen.
MATHXR cannot do everything the main MATHX program can do, but it
is an excellent resident program. Then there is MATH EXTRA
(MATHX) itself. It has the ability to load and run any number of
pre-programmed math application files, has a DOS command shell,
can load or save variables and string memories and much more.
MATHX has an outstanding programming statement structure for pop-
up windows, the use of color, sound and the mouse to make
applications and utilities look their best and very easy to use.
See the functions, statements, and commands sections of this
manual for complete descriptions of the tools available to the
MATHX user.
HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
MATHX requires a minimum 256K of available RAM to run. This is in
addition to any memory resident programs and the memory the
operating system uses. MATHXR requires 64K of available RAM.
Both programs require MS-DOS version 2.0 or higher and an IBM PC,
XT, AT, or a very close compatible to run. All will work with a
Monochrome, LCD or Color monitor. Note! The MATHX graphics mode
does not support the Hercules graphic cards. Also, may not work
with some video cards in display modes other then the standard 80
columns by 25 lines.
IBM is a registered trademark of International Business Machines
Corporation.
MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows are registered trademarks of
Microsoft Corporation.
Hercules is a registered trademark of Hercules Computer
Technology.
3
THE MATH PROGRAMS
MATHX.COM
This is the MATH EXTRA program and is the main math program. You
should have at least 256K of available RAM to run the MATHX
program with its application and environment files. You may need
more then 256K if you use the edit application command. MATHX has
the ability to load a DEFAULTS file that can set the value of the
variables and write the string memories. The defaults file must
be 2K or less in length. It can also define the first eight
function keys. MATHX has the ability to load and save in memory
an application file up to 64K in length from the instruction line
or the DEFAULTS file can load it for you. An application file can
also be loaded from the DOS command line when entering MATHX. A
secondary application or utility can be loaded and run at any time
using the RUN command. MATHX has the ability to change the colors
of the characters and back ground. You can control the character
blinking function too. If you are using a LCD screen, MATH EXTRA
has a LCD mode switch that can be used on the command line to
force monochrome display on the LCD screen. There is also a tone
statement that can generate seven octaves of musical notes. MATHX
has the ability to go to a DOS command shell from within MATHX.
Just enter EXIT on the DOS command line when you want to return to
the MATHX program. MATHX has a help file that can be used at any
time. To display the help information, just type HELP on the
instruction line and hit enter or hit the SHIFT-F10 keys and the
HELP INFORMATION will be displayed. The help file has most of the
information you will need but it is still a good idea to print out
this MATHX.DOC file. MATHX also has the ability to generate
windows and use the mouse. There is file named MATHX.ENV that MATH
EXTRA loads to set up a pop-down menu environment. It does not
matter if you use the mouse or the keyboard, MATHX is as easy to
use as it can get. Best of all, the applications, the defaults
file, even the environment file can be programmed or changed by
the user. You can even use your favorite editor from within MATH
EXTRA to edit the currently loaded application file. See the
EDITOR statement. All these things are covered in this manual.
With the excellent math functions and operating environment of
this math program, you will find no need for any of those little
on screen calculator programs that are common today.
LCD MODE
MATHX has a liquid crystal display mode for lap top computers. To
put MATHX in LCD mode, use /L on the DOS command line when
entering MATHX. A space is required before the /L and before any
application filename. (Upper or lower case can be used.)
Examples:
MATHX /L <enter>
MATHX filename /L <enter>
MATHX /L filename <enter>
4
MATHXR.COM
This is the MATH EXTRA RESIDENT program and as its name states,
it is the resident form of the MATH EXTRA program. MATHXR does
not have all the features of MATHX because of memory
considerations. The MATHXR program and its application file (if
loaded) is designed to take up no more then 64K of memory.
Because of this, MATHXR can only load an application file from the
DOS command line when installing MATHXR. The length of the
application file is limited to 30K. MATHXR does not have the
ability to save or load variables or string memories, but it does
have the ability to load a DEFAULTS file that can set the value of
the variables and write the string memories. The defaults file
must be 1K or less in length. It can also define the first eight
function keys. MATHXR does not have the ability to control colors
but it will not give an error message if the color control
statements are used. (This gives MATHXR maximum compatibility
with MATHX for its application files.) Once MATHXR is installed,
just hit CTRL-ALT-M (hold down the CTRL and ALT keys and hit the M
key) and the MATHXR window will come up on the top half of a
normal 25 line display, ready to use. Note: The MATHXR window
will NOT come up if the program you are in is using a graphic
display mode. This is the case for most resident programs. There
is an easy way you can exit MATHXR and have the last answer be
transferred to the program you were using when you brought up
MATHXR. Not many other pop-up calculators will do that! This is
a great feature for spread sheet and data base programs. (See the
USE statement. The MATHXR.DFT file normally sets up the F5 key
for this purpose.) To uninstall the MATHXR program, enter at the
DOS command prompt MATHXR /U and hit enter. This is useful for
installing MATHXR with a different application file. MATHXR
should be installed last if possible. You may not be able to
uninstall it if another resident program uses the same interrupts
and was installed after MATHXR. Also, you may not be able to
uninstall MATHXR if you are using a memory manager to put MATHXR
in high memory.
HOT KEY:
The key combination normally used to pop up the resident version
of the math program is "CTRL-ALT-M". This is known as the "hot
key". The hot key can be changed from the MATHXR command line by
using the parameter /*x, where x is the key you want as the hot
key that will be used with the CTRL-ALT keys.
(CTRL-ALT-A through CTRL-ALT-Z are allowed.)
Examples:
MATHXR filename /*x
MATHXR /*a filename
MATHXR /*U
5
TERMINOLOGY
Angular mode: Angle representation form. MATHX & MATHXR have
three angular modes: Degree, Radian & Grad.
Application file: An external file that can be loaded for a
special math purpose.
Command: An instruction that displays information, controls
memory or the storing or retrieving of a file.
Defaults file: An external file that is automatically loaded by
MATHXR and MATHX for the purpose of presetting
the parameters, variables and function keys.
Must be named MATHXR.DFT and MATHX.DFT
Note: A defaults file is not required.
<enter> This is used throughout this manual to indicate hitting
the Enter key on the keyboard.
Expression: A list of math instructions, functions and data for
the purpose of getting one answer, setting the
value of one variable, or giving value to a statement.
Function: A special purpose mathematical instruction that does
a predetermined operation to a variable or value.
See math functions list.
Instruction: Any symbol or function that does a mathematical
operation on a variable or value.
Instruction line: The main input or instruction area of the
MATHX programs. The instruction line for MATHX is 546
characters long. The MATHXR instruction line is 312
characters long. The instruction line is actually
made up of lines of 78 character wrapped around to
form one continuous instruction area.
Note: The keyboard response to a variable INP statement
has an instruction line that is 60 characters long.
The instruction line for a string memory INP statement
is 60 characters long. (The max. length of the String)
Statement: An operation for control purposes or for some
purpose other then a mathematical operation.
Note: The DATA statement is an exception.
6
String Memory: Memory that can be assigned a character string
as its contents and is given labels $A through $Z.
The character string can be up to 60 characters long.
Variable: Data memory that can be assigned a value and is
given labels A through Z. The MATHX programs have
104 variables. Up to three ' marks can be used after
the letter to label the other sets of variables.
examples A A' A'' A'''
7
FUNCTION OF KEYS
┌───┐ ┌───┐
│ 0 │ thru │ 9 │ Used to enter numbers.
└───┘ └───┘
┌───┐
│ . │ Used to enter decimal point.
└───┘
┌───┐ ┌───┐
│ [ │ and │ ] │ Used to enter exponent for exponential form.
└───┘ └───┘ example 1.56 [-8] (same as 1.56*10^-8)
Note: 1.56 E-8 is also acceptable.
┌───┐ ┌───┐
│ A │ thru │ Z │ Used to enter instructions.
└───┘ └───┘ Used to specify variables
┌───┐
│ - │ Used to enter negative sign for numbers.
└───┘ Used for subtraction instructions. Example -12-144
┌───┐
│ + │ Used to enter positive sign for numbers. (not required)
└───┘ Used for addition instructions. Example 33+148
┌───┐
│ * │ Used for multiplication instructions. Example 44*123
└───┘
┌───┐
│ / │ Used for division instructions. (Or the ÷ character)
└───┘ "divide by" Example 45/25.4
┌───┐
│ \ │ Used for exchange before division instructions.
└───┘ "divide into" Note: 100\1 is the same as 1/100
┌───┐
│ ^ │ Used for power calculation instructions.
└───┘
┌───┐
│ = │ Used to assign content or value. example X=125
└───┘ Used for "equals" in IF statement. example IF 5=Z}10
┌───┐
│ < │ Used for "less then" in IF statement.
└───┘ example IF SIN A < .5 } 5
┌───┐
│ > │ Used for "greater then" in IF statement.
└───┘ example IF A>B}3
8
┌───┐ ┌───┐
│ ( │ and │ ) │ Used to input parentheses.
└───┘ └───┘ example SIN(A+B)
┌───┐
│ : │ Used to divide two or more expressions and/or statements.
└───┘ If used at the end of the instruction line, no answer
will be displayed.
┌───┐
│ , │ Used to separate expressions in DATA statements.
└───┘ Used in place of : (same as :) See above.
┌───┐
│ # │ Used to indicate a GOTO or CALL location. Format: #number
└───┘ example :#5: Locations need not be in order.
┌───┐
│ " │ Used to indicate a character string or message by some
└───┘ statements.
┌───┐
│ ; │ Used to indicate a character string or message by some
└───┘ statements.
┌───┐
│ | │ Used to indicate a program information comment only.
└───┘ example |This is a comment| (not displayed or printed)
┌───┐ ┌───┐
│ { │ and │ } │ Used to identify the data area in DATA statement.
└───┘ └───┘ example DATA X {0,10,20,30,40,50}
Also used in the ON statement.
┌───┐
│ } │ Used to symbolize "then" in an IF statement.
└───┘ example IF X=9 }2 (IF X=9 THEN 2: is not allowed)
┌───┐
│ ` │ Used when entering Hex numbers. example `AB9F`*16
└───┘
┌───┐
│ ' │ Used for alternate variables. example X*X'+X''-X'''
└───┘
┌───┐
│ $ │ Used to indicate string memory. Format: $letter or $(x)
└───┘ example $A = "Yes": $B = INPUT
example $(1)=$A+$(x+1)
┌────┐ ┌────┐
│ F1 │ to │ F8 │ User definable keys using FKEY statement.
└────┘ └────┘ The F1 key will display help information if
available for an INPUT statement.
9
┌────┐
│ F9 │ Used to enter the last displayed (decimal) answer into
└────┘ the math expression.
┌─────┐
│ F10 │ Used to redo the last instruction line entered.
└─────┘ REDO ENTRY will appear on the bottom information bar.
┌───────┐┌───────┐
│ SHIFT ├┤ F1-F8 │ Used to pop-down menus of the MATHX program.
└───────┘└───────┘ (This can also be done using the mouse or the
ALT key and the pop-down menu pick letter)
┌───────┐┌─────┐
│ SHIFT ├┤ F10 │ Display HELP INFORMATION. (MATHX program)
└───────┘└─────┘ Display HELP for INP statement if available.
(Not valid in a KYIN statement response)
(Not valid when using an application file)
┌─────┐
│ ESC │ Used to exit the math programs.
└─────┘ End INP statement response with no change to contents.
┌───────┐
│ ENTER │ Used to execute the instruction line.
└───────┘ Used to execute input data required by INP statement.
Can be used to separate statements, commands, and
expressions in application and defaults files.
┌──────┐┌───┐
│ CTRL ├┤ X │ Used to erase the whole instruction line.
└──────┘└───┘ (To start over)
┌───┐
│ @ │ Used to execute an application file. See COMMANDS.
└───┘ Format @<enter>
FUNCTION OF EDIT AND CURSOR KEYS
INSERT Toggles between INSERT and OVERTYPE edit modes.
DELETE Delete character the cursor is on.
HOME Move cursor to home position of the instruction line.
END Move cursor to the end of the instruction line.
<-- "Back Space" Delete character left of the cursor.
The four cursor direction keys move the cursor within the
instruction line. For the MATHX program, the mouse may also be
used to move the cursor to any character position within the line.
NOTE: The "Page Up" and the "Page Down" keys are reassigned
the following during instruction line input and input statement
response. (A convenience for users of the 101+ key keyboards)
"Page Up" enters ^
"Page Down" enters √
10
MATH FUNCTIONS:
SIN Trigonometric function Sine.
COS Trigonometric function Cosine.
TAN Trigonometric function Tangent. (See note below)
ASN Inverse trigonometric function Arcsine.
ACS Inverse trigonometric function Arccosine.
ATN Inverse trigonometric function Arctangent.
SINH Hyperbolic Sine function.
COSH Hyperbolic Cosine function.
TANH Hyperbolic Tangent function.
ASNH Inverse Hyperbolic Sine function.
ACSH Inverse Hyperbolic Cosine function.
ATNH Inverse Hyperbolic Tangent function.
ABS Absolute value.
DEG Degree.minute second to decimal conversion.
DMS Decimal to degree.minute second conversion.
EXP Exponential function of e.
LN Natural logarithm. (base e)
LOG Common logarithm. (base 10)
CINT Integer. (by rounding the fractional portion)
FIX Integer. (truncated integer)
INT Integer. (next lower integer)
SGN Signum.
SQR Extraction of square root.
√ Same a SQR
Note TAN function:
Even though the TAN of 90 and 180 degrees is infinite, it
will be entered and displayed as 1 E+200.
11
SPECIAL FUNCTIONS:
F$A to F$Z Special definable functions using the string
memories. (The string memory defines the function)
Format: F$letter expression
or: F$(expression) expression
Example 1: $Z="2*Z^2+4*Z-16":F$Z 5
Wherever Z is in the definition of $Z, the value 5
will be put in its place to obtain the result of
F$Z for 5. F$(26) 5 is the same as F$Z 5.
Note: variable Z is not required in the
definition and if not used, 5 is a dummy value.
A dummy value would be required but is not used.
Example 2: $x="x^2+x+1":$Y="y^3+y^2+y+1":F$X F$Y6
Here two function are defined and the result
of the F$X function of F$Y for 6 will be displayed.
F$Y 6 is done first and its value is used for F$X.
NOTE! When the variable used in the definition
of a function is the same as the defining string
letter, or expression that equals the string letter
that variable is temporarily given the
value of the function expression. The old value of
that variable is saved. No other variables are
modified and can be used in the definition if
needed.
RAND Generate a random whole number from 0 to 99. Does not
need any other information or "seed". Wherever RAND
is encountered, a random number is used in its place.
Example RAND*100+RAND
CONSTANT:
PI Enters Pi
π Same as PI
NOTE: All two or three letter functions and constants must
have a space between the function and a variable or another
function. (F$ not included)
Example LOG X*LN Y+SIN DEG25.3030-√2
12
PRIORITY OF CALCULATIONS
The MATHX programs performs calculations from the left to the
right with some exceptions.
Functions have priority over power.
Power has priority over multiplication or division.
Multiplication or division has priority over addition or
subtraction.
Calculations in parentheses will occur first. For multiple
parentheses, calculations in the innermost parentheses have
priority over all others.
Compound functions are calculated from right to left.
example (LOG SIN DEG 12.3456)
A string of powers are calculated from right to left.
example (x^y^2)
Example of order of calculations:
1.2 + PI * SQR 2 - LN TAN (10+25) ^ 2 / SQR 5
│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │
│ │ └ 1 ┘ │ │ └ 4 ┘ │ │ │
│ └── 2 ─┘ │ └─ 5 ─┘ │ │ │
└── 3 ───┘ └── 6 ─┘ │ └ 8 ┘
│ └───── 7 ────┘ │
│ └──── 9 ────┘
└──────────── 10 ──────────────┘
13
ANSWER SYSTEM
The MATHX programs can display answers to problems or values of
variables in two forms: Normal decimal form and Hexadecimal form.
DECIMAL FORM:
The MATHX programs use 16 digit binary coded decimal math for all
calculations. The maximum number of digits that can be displayed
is 14. The answer is rounded off to the 14th place. This can be
changed to a smaller number through the use of control statements.
The following statements change the way the answer will be
displayed: DIGL, DIGR, EON, EOFF, AON, AOFF, RON, ROFF, EREQ,
XOFF and XON. See the STATEMENTS section for descriptions on the
use of these statements. These statements will change the number
of digits on the left side of the decimal point that is allowed,
the number of digits on the right side of the decimal point that
is allowed, whether scientific notation is allowed or not and if
the display will use commas or not. Usually if the answer cannot
be displayed in the form allowed, scientific notation will be
used. If scientific notation is not allowed then a DISPLAY FORM
ERROR will result. For normal math use, the default settings will
be good, but, for some special purpose application programs you
may want to tailor your answer display form.
HEXADECIMAL FORM:
The second display form is the Hexadecimal format. This can only
be done using the DSP, PRN, or the DPRN statements and the H sub-
statement. Example: 1000*256:DSP H. This special statement
displays the answer to the math expression previous to the
statement in Hex form. The answer for the previous example will
be displayed as 0003E800 (HEX). There are two statements that
control the HEX display. They are CON and COFF. They control the
way negative Hex answers will be handled. See the STATEMENTS
section for descriptions on the use of these statements.
14
DATA INPUT
Numbers can be entered into the program in two forms. Like the
answer display system, numbers can be entered in decimal or
hexadecimal form.
DECIMAL INPUT:
The sign of the number is entered first. Use the + or - keys for
this. (For plus values the + sign is can be omitted.) Normal
input or scientific notation can be used. The exponent for
scientific notation can be entered in two ways. Brackets with the
sign of the exponent in the brackets before the number or a
capital E before the exponent. Example 1.23 [-9] or 1.23 E-9.
The largest exponent that is allowed on entry is [+99] or [-99]
but answers will be displayed up to [+200] or [-200]. Up to 16
digits are allowed on entry not counting leading zeros. Here are
some examples of allowed decimal inputs.
+12345678901234
-12345.6789
.000000000012345678901234 same as 1.2345678901234 E-11
1.23456 E-12 same as 1.23456*10^-12
.000123456 E25 same as 1.23456 [+21]
123456 [20] same as 1.23456 [+25]
-1234567890000000 same as -1.23456789 E+15
Note: If you are entering a negative number (or a + sign that is
not for addition) at the beginning of a new instruction line,
first hit the space bar so that the program doesn't bring up the
previous answer first. See the MANUAL CALCULATIONS section.
HEXADECIMAL INPUT:
The ` character is used at the start and end of a hexadecimal
number to be input. A minus sign can be entered before the hex
number to input a negative value. The hex number is converted to
decimal by the MATHX programs for all math operations. Here are
some examples of hexadecimal inputs.
`af301`
`ffffffff` (this is the largest hex number allowed)
`-0012fac9`
`+0100000f`
`-fe000`
`00abcdef12`
15
INPUT TO VARIABLES:
Direct input to variables is done using the = character. The
format for this is variable=expression. Only the result of the
expression is saved.
Examples:
A=1.23456
B=12*156
C=sin15
d=sqr2*a:e=159
f=`af3b`
g'=x^2+y-1
a''=a*g'
INPUT TO STRING MEMORIES:
Direct input to string memories is done the same as variables with
one added requirement. The string must be put between " or ;
characters. (60 characters maximum.)
Formats: $letter="string" or $(expression)="string"
or: $letter=;string; or $(expression)=;string;
or: $letter=$letter or $(expression)=$letter
or: $letter=$(expression) or $(expression)=$(expression)
expression value 0 or 1 = $A, value > 25 = $Z
Note: Any of the string formats can be added together to
form a new string. (See $I example below)
Only the first 60 characters will be used. No error
message will be given if the strings add up to more
then 60 characters.
Examples:
$A="Degrees "
$B=;End of program.;
$c="c^2+c-1"
$d=;enter "Y" for YES or "N" for NO.;
$e="yes":$f="no"
$g=$(12) (same as $G=$L)
$h="" (Clears the string memory)
$I=$a+$b+$(5)+" end."
$(24)="string x"
16
MANUAL CALCULATIONS
There are two general types of manual calculation methods that can
be used with the MATHX programs. The first is the subsequent
calculations method. In this method, the ENTER key is hit every
time you put in an operation and a number or variable. The answer
will be displayed at each step of the way. What happens is every
time one of the operation characters + - / \ * ^ is entered
at the start of the instruction line, the program brings up the
answer to the previous math expression and puts it in front of the
operation. If the instruction line is started with any character
other then the five operation characters given above, or if the
ENTER key is hit twice in a row, the math expression will be
treated as a new math problem.
Example: For the expression 125.12 + 12.23 - 159.56 + 6.12 + 45
First input:
125.12+12.23<enter>
Answer returned:
137.35
Then input:
-159.56<enter> (will be displayed as: 137.35-159.56 )
Answer returned:
-22.21
Then input:
+6.12<enter> (will be displayed as: -22.21+6.12 )
Answer returned:
-16.09
Then input:
+45<enter> (will be displayed as: -16.09+45 )
Answer returned:
28.91
The second way of entering a math problem is to enter the whole
math expression at one time and get one answer.
Same example as above:
Input:
125.12+12.23-159.56+6.12+45<enter>
Answer returned:
28.91
Note: If you are starting a math expression with a negative
number, hit the space bar first or the <enter> key again so the
program will not treat it as a subtraction operation.
17
PROGRAMMED CALCULATIONS
APPLICATION FILES:
MATHX and MATHXR have the ability to load and run math application
files that can to do calculations too complex or too long for the
normal instruction line entry. MATHXR can load an application
file of 30K in length or less only at the time of its installation
and only from the DOS command prompt. MATHXR should be installed
last if possible. MATHXR can then be uninstalled using the
MATHXR /U command if you should find it necessary or if you want
to install it with a different math application file. MATHX can
load an application file of 64K in length or less from the DOS
command prompt or by using the LOAD command from within MATHX.
See the LOAD statement. MATHX can also load an application file
using the DEFAULTS file. If the MATHX.DFT file has a LOAD
statement in it, that file will be loaded automatically. If the
DEFAULTS file has a load statement and an application file is
given at the DOS command line, the file given the command line
will be loaded last. The math and statement format used in the
application files is the same as in the instruction line except
that carriage returns (ENTER key) can be used to separate math
expressions, statements, and commands in the program. This makes
for a nice line structure that is easy to follow. The GOTO or
CALL locations can be placed at any location in the line or lines
and do not have to be at the beginning. Also, there can be more
then one location in a line. The location numbers do not have to
be in order. All the statements listed in the STATEMENTS section
except the SAVE statement can be used in the application programs.
The FKEY statements must however have its own line. In this case
the carriage return (ENTER key) will end the definition of the
function key. Some commands cannot be used in the application
file. See the COMMANDS section. For MATHX, the variables and
string memories can be loaded or saved. Any word file editor can
be used to generate or edit a math application program. Here are
some examples of loading an application file from the DOS command
line prompt. The path must be given for the application file if
it is not in the current directory. The name of the application
file loaded will be displayed at the right side of the top
information bar.
C>MATHX MATHXDEM.APL <enter>
C>MATHX MATHXDEM.APL /L <enter> (for LCD screen mode)
C>MATHXR INTEREST.APR <enter> (installation)
NOTE! Not all applications will work with MATHXR. Because
of memory considerations, many of the more memory
hungry statements are not supported by MATHXR.
UTILITY FILES:
MATHX has the ability to load and run a utility file from the
utility pop-down menu. A utility file is an application file with
the file extension ".UTL". It is treated as an application file
by this manual.
18
DEFAULTS FILE:
MATHX and MATHXR have the ability to load and execute a defaults
file at the time the program is run. The defaults file is not
required though. The purpose of the defaults file is to define
the function keys that you may want defined or preset any
variables or string memories. It is used only once when the
program is first run and then not used any more. For MATHX it can
also be used to load the variables from a file, load the string
memories from a file, and load an application file. Like the
application file, the defaults file uses the same math format as
the instruction line except carriage returns can be used to
separate math expressions, statements, and commands. Any word
processor or editor that does not leave in control characters can
be used to generate the defaults file. Note: The defaults file
for MATHX is MATHX.DFT and must be 2K or less in length. The
defaults file for MATHXR is MATHXR.DFT and must be 1K or less in
length. The programs look for these files by name and the
defaults files cannot be loaded by using the DOS command line.
Example of a MATHX.DFT file.
fkey1=HELP«
fkey2=~@«
fkey3=SAVE«
fkey4=GET«
fkey5=~DOS«
fkey6=~CLS«
fkey7=~EDIT«
lodv
lodm
c=25.4:e=exp1
envir
Example of a MATHXR.DFT file.
fkey2=~@«
fkey3=SAVE«
fkey4=GET«
fkey5=~USE A«
fkey6=~CLS«
flay7=~STAT«
c=25.4:e=exp1
19
STATEMENTS
Statements are used for control or parameter setup purposes or for
some other purpose other then a mathematical operation. The DATA
statement is an exception. The normal MATH EXTRA user will not
need to use any statements at all. All normal parameter changes
can be done from the environment pop-down menus. If you program
your own applications or utilities, you will need to know this
information. Statements must be separated from other statements
or math expressions by either a colon or a comma. Some special
statements require a carriage return (<enter> key) to close the
statement. Many statements require other data to be entered with
the statement. For those statements, the format and an example
will be given in the information about the statement. Some
statements will only accept data up to a given value. If data is
given to those statements higher than the maximum value, the
statement will be given only its maximum value. Also, no error
message will be given. If a statement is in the wrong format or
given the wrong parameters, a SYNTAX ERROR will result and the
instruction line will be returned with the cursor on or just after
the problem statement or parameter. If the error is found in an
application or defaults file, a SYNTAX ERROR will result and the
next 50 characters of the file from the point of error will be
displayed. Statements can be entered using either upper or lower
case letters and any spaces between statements and data or
parameters will be ignored. Spaces should not be used in
statements that define a DOS path and program name though. Note:
All two or three letter statements require a space between the
statement and any variable or letter in its parameters or sub-
statements.
20
STATEMENTS:
AOFF Set commA display form OFF. (1234567.12345)
AON Set commA display form ON. (1,234,567.12345)
BC Set background color. (Color systems only)
(MATHXR will ignore this statement)
Format: BC number
or: BC(expression) See note 2.
Example BC1
Color value chart:
0 = black 4 = red
1 = blue 5 = magenta
2 = green 6 = brown
3 = cyan 7 = white
(See BON and BOFF statements)
8 = gray or black with character blinking
9 = light blue or blue " " "
10 = light green or green " " "
11 = light cyan or cyan " " "
12 = light red or red " " "
13 = light magenta or magenta " " "
14 = yellow or brown " " "
15 = bright white or white " " "
BEEP BEEP once.
BOFF Disable character blinking. (See BC statement)
(Color systems only)
(MATHXR will ignore this statement)
BON Enable character blinking. (See BC statement)
(Color systems only)
(MATHXR will ignore this statement)
CALL CALL sub-routine statement. The sub-routine should
end with a RETurn statement. See RET statement.
Formats: CALL number or: GOSUB number
or: GOS number
number can = 0 to 25 for instruction line or
MATHXR.DFT and MATHX.DFT (defaults) files.
number can = 0 to 999 for application files.
0 = start of instruction line or file.
The location format is: #number
Example CALL 2:quit:#2:dsp"Call test.":ret
Note: Quitting from a sub-routine is allowed.
If in a continuous loop, hit the ALT-Q keys.
21
CC or FC Set character (foreground) color. (Color systems only)
(MATHXR will ignore this statement)
Formats: CC number or: FC number
or: CC(expression)
or: FC(expression) See note 2.
Example CC15:dsp "HELP":CC(c)
Color value chart:
0 = black 8 = gray
1 = blue 9 = light blue
2 = green 10 = light green
3 = cyan 11 = light cyan
4 = red 12 = light red
5 = magenta 13 = light magenta
6 = brown 14 = yellow
7 = white 15 = bright white
CLS CLear Screen. (Puts the cursor at the top of the screen)
Also will turn off any pop-up window on the display.
The screen will be cleared using the background color or
in the graphic mode the screen will be cleared black.
COFF Set Hex answer to negative mode. (Complement OFF)
If negative, display as negative.
COL Put the cursor at COLumn number. (For application use)
Format: COL number
or: COL (expression) See note 2.
Example COL45:dsp ;test;:COL(x+2):dsp;end;
CON Set Hex answer to Complement mode. If negative, display
as complement. Hex -1AF0 is displayed as FFFFE510 (HEX)
DATA Data statement using a variable to pick out data from a
list of expressions. A DATA statement can be placed
inside another DATA statement. Also the DATA statement
is the only statement that can be part of a math
expression. (But not an "INP" math response.)
Format: DATA variable {data0,data1,data2,data3,etc.}
Example Y*DATA X {1.25,Z,SIN15*Z+Z',SQR2,PI}-1
Note: The expression used from the DATA statement is
treated as if it were between parentheses. If X=2 in
the example above, the result would be Y*(SIN15*Z+Z')-1.
Note: Variable=Expression is not allowed in the data
area.
DEGM Set angular designation to DEGree Mode.
22
DIGL Set the number of DIGits Left of the decimal point that
will be allowed in the answer.
Format: DIGL number
number can = 0 to 14 (decimal)
Example DIGL6
DIGR Set the number of DIGits Right of the decimal point that
will be allowed in the answer.
Format: DIGR number
number can = 0 to 13 (decimal)
Note: Does not apply to exponential form. The number
of digits in exponential form may equal DIGL + DIGR.
DPRN Display and PRiNt statement: Used to send the answer,
answer in hex form, carriage return and line feed, or
other data to the display and printer. (if enabled)
Format: DPRN sub-statements
Sub-statements: (none, any or all may be used)
A =Answer of previous math expression before DPRN.
D =Character (dec.), formats: Dnumber or D(expression)
F =send a Form feed to printer.
H =answer of previous expression in Hex form.
N =next line (CR & LF to the display and printer).
O =send CR only to the display and printer.
S =Spaces, formats: Snumber or S(expression)
U =using answer format. Format: U*^xx.xx
* = if used, commas not allowed in answer.
^ = if used, scientific notation is allowed.
xx. =if used, digits left of decimal point allowed.
.xx =if used, digits right of decimal point allowed.
Example DPRN U6.2"$"(x)
$ =string memory. Format: $letter $A to $Z
"message" or ;message; See note 1.
(math expression) The result of. See note 2.
Data statement is allowed.
Variable=expression is not allowed.
Example x=inp:DPRN s20 ;$; (x*100) n d2 n
Note: D and S sub-statements number can be from
0 to 255 decimal.
All parameter changes by this statement are
temporary. Old parameters returned when done.
23
DSP DiSPlay statement: Used to send the answer, answer in
hex form, carriage return and line feed, or other data
to be displayed.
Format: DSP sub-statements
or: DISP sub-statements
Sub-statements: (none, any or all may be used)
A =Answer of previous math expression before DSP.
B =Background color, formats: Bnumber or B(expression)
C =set cursor Column, formats: Cnumber or C(expression)
D =Character (dec.), formats: Dnumber or D(expression)
F =Foreground color, formats: Fnumber or F(expression)
H =answer of previous expression in Hex form.
N =next line (CR & LF to the display).
O =send CR only to the display.
R =set cursor Row, formats: Rnumber or R(expression)
S =Spaces, formats: Snumber or S(expression)
U =using answer format. (See DPRN statement)
$ =string memory, format: $letter or $(expression)
"message" or ;message; See note 1.
(math expression) The result of. See note 2.
Data statements are allowed.
Variable=expression is not allowed.
Example x=inp:DSP F4 "x= " A "degrees" F0 N
Note: A space is required after DSP if sub-statement
starts with a letter. D and S sub-statement
numbers can be from 0-255 decimal. B and F sub-
statements are ignored by the MATHXR program.
All parameter changes by this statement are
temporary. Old parameters returned when done.
EDITOR Define the editor to be used by the EDIT command.
The path and complete name of the editor must be less
then 40 characters long or an error message will result.
The editor must be defined before the EDIT command will
function. The best place for this statement is in the
MATHX.DFT file. (MATHX program only)
Format: EDITOR=path and complete command <enter>
Example EDITOR=C:\DOS\EDLIN.COM <enter>
EOFF Display scientific notation of decimal answers using [].
example 1.234 [-6]
EON Display scientific notation of decimal answers using E.
example 1.234 E-6
24
EREQ Sets Exponent REQuired point right of decimal point.
When the DIGR setting is greater then the EREQ setting,
then scientific notation is required if the answer has
digits greater then DIGR allows. If the DIGR setting
is equal to or less then EREQ, then the answer is
limited to the setting of DIGR. This statement is used
to control when scientific notation is used with
consideration to the right side of the decimal point.
(If scientific notation is enabled. See XON and XOFF)
Note: When the answer is displayed using scientific
notation, the placement of the decimal point may be
different then the normal answer. If the exponent is
equal to zero, the exponent is not displayed but the
display form may still be different from the normal
decimal answer.
Format: EREQ number
number can = 1 to 14 (decimal)
Example 1: DIGL8:DIGR6:EREQ7:PI/100
The answer will be .031416
Example 2: DIGL 8:DIGR 7:EREQ 6:PI/100
The answer will be 3.1415926535898 [-2]
(DIGL setting was greater then 6. A different
answer would result if DIGL was less then 7)
FC Set foreground color. See CC statement.
FF Sends a Form Feed to the printer.
(if printer is enabled using the PON statement)
FKEY Define Function KEY statement. (No shift functions)
Format: FKEYnumber=definition <enter>
or : FKEYnumber=definition « <enter>
Only function keys 1 to 8 can be defined. The
definition must be 40 characters or less in length or
an error message will be displayed. The definition
can be made up of expressions, statements or a command.
The ~ character can be used to clear any line data.
The « character causes the instruction line to be
entered after the Function key is hit. The «
character can be entered by holding down the ALT
key and hitting 1 7 4 on the number key pad.
Example 1 FKEY2=/25.4 <enter>
Example 2 FKEY6=~cls« <enter>
Note: FKEY statements can be used in MATHXR.DFT,
MATHX.DFT and math application files.
25
GOSUB Call sub-routine. See CALL statement.
GOTO GOTO location number. (Jump)
Formats: GOTO number or: GO number
number can = 0 to 25 for instruction line or
MATHXR.DFT and MATHX.DFT (defaults) files.
number can = 0 to 999 for application files.
0 = start of instruction line or file.
The location format is: #number
Example GOTO3:#1:dsp;1 ;n:#2:dsp;2 ;n:#3:dsp;3 ;n:
Note: A location of #0 is not allowed.
Note: If in a continuous loop, hit the ALT-Q keys.
GRAD Set angular mode designation to GRADS.
The bottom information bar will show GRAD.
HEAD Header statement. Setup and display a one line header.
For information or a menu. (MATHX program only)
Format: HEAD sub-statement/s
Sub-statements: (none, any or all may be used)
B = Set Background color. (color systems only)
F = Set Foreground color. (color systems only)
Above formats are Xnumber or X(expression)
See CC and BC statements for color values.
H = Set to normal header colors. (from W sub-stat.)
W = Set header to pop-down menu border colors.
"message" or ;message; Header line message.
See note 1. (carriage returns are ignored)
! = Set the Pick letter for a pull-down menu.
Used only by the MATHX.ENV file or application
.ENV files through the SLOC statement.
This statement requires special processing
if used in applications or utilities.
The pick character color is set by the MENU
or WIND P sub-statement.
Format: !letter (upper or lower case A-Z)
Note: For any sub-statements not used in the header
definition, the old or default values are used.
Also the EVHD statement has priority over the
HEAD statement. (HEAD will not replace EVHD)
Example HEAD H" EXIT OPTIONS "W" SETUP "H" HELP "
HOFF Turn the header line off. (MATHX program only)
Note: Will not turn off the environment header (EVHD)
unless used from within the environment file.
26
IF IF the test passes then do sub-statement, else continue.
Format 1: IF expression test expression } sub-statement
Test can be one or two of the logic characters < = >
Example IF sin(x+y) => z }5:IF i=1}q:IF i=2}c6:
Format 2:
IF $memory or"string" test $memory or"string"}sub-stat.
$(expression) can be used for $memory letter value.
Test can be = for equals and <> or >< for not equals
Leading and trailing spaces are not part of the test.
The case may be tested, see KON, KOFF statements.
Strings must be in the form of "string" or ;string;.
The maximum length of a string is 60 characters.
Example IF $X = "yes" } q:IF $A <> $B } 2
Sub-statements: (see GOTO, QUIT, CALL, RET statements)
Decimal number = GOTO number.
C = CALL number. Format: Cnumber (decimal)
Q = QUIT.
R = RETurn to caller.
Alternate THEN format: }} statement or expression
Example IF x>25 }} IF x<50 }} y=x :dsp(y)
Note: If in a continuous loop, hold down the ALT-Q keys
to quit.
Note: A space is required after "IF" when the first
character of the expression is a letter.
INFO Get system and program information statement. Must be
a variable equates statement.
Format: variable = INFO
Example X=INFO
Variable 7-digit number format:
x,xxx,xxx
└─┬┘│ ││└── 1 if mouse present (MATHX only), else 0
│ │ │└─── Video display type: (0 if MATHXR)
│ │ │ 1=MDA 2=HGA 3=CGA 4=EGA
│ │ │ 5=MCGA 6=VGA
│ │ └──── 0 if Monochrome or LCD, 1 if Color.
│ └────── 0 (MATHX), 1 (MATHXR)
└──────── Math version number.
INPP INPut from I/O Port to a variable.
The variable will be given the decimal value of the
the data received from the I/O port.
Format: variable = INPP port number
or: variable = INPP (expression)
Example X=INPP(z):dsp(x)
Note: This statement is available only on registered
versions of MATH EXTRA. This statement should
only be used if you know your I/O hardware.
27
INPUT INPut from the keyboard to a variable or string memory.
The <enter> key will end the input.
The cursor size changes for the input response.
Format 1: variable = INP(expression){number}
or: variable = INPUT(expression){number}
The keyboard response has to be a math expression.
Statements or messages are not allowed.
The input can be up to the (expression) value long or
60 characters max. One character minimum allowed.
The {number} is used for a GOTO location if the F1
key is hit for help. If {number} is not given,
no INPUT statement help will be available.
The (expression) & {number} are not required.
A {number} is not allowed in the MATHXR program.
If the <enter> key or ESC is hit without entering
anything first, the variable will be unchanged.
Example Z=INP(10):Z'=INP:Z*Z'
Format 2: $letter = INP(expression){number}
or: $letter = INPUT(expression){number}
$(expression) can be used for $letter value.
The (expression){number} use is the same as format 1.
If <enter> key is hit without entering anything first,
the string memory will be cleared. If the ESC key is
hit, the string memory will be left unchanged.
Example $X=INP:$Y=INP(2){22}:$Z="USA":DSP $Xs1$Ys1$Z
INS Set to INSert mode. (or use INSERT key to toggle)
The mode is displayed on the bottom information bar.
KYCK Check for key input. (running KeY ChecK) (MATHX only)
Data returned:
Decimal value of the character key hit, or
Scan code of the non-character key hit + 200, or
0 if no key is now down.
Format: variable=KYCK
Example x=KYCK:if x=27}q:x=mloc
KOFF Disable case check for IF statements using string memory.
KON Enable case check for IF statements using string memory.
KYIN KeY INput or mouse data to variable. Data returned:
Decimal value of the character key hit, or
Scan code of the non-character key hit + 200, or
Mouse cursor location + button values. (MATHX only)
Button values: Left 10000, Right 20000, Middle 40000.
Cursor location = character positions to mouse cursor
using line wrapping. (Top left corner = 1)
Format: variable=KYIN
Example MON:#1:X=KYIN:IF X=27}Q:IF X<20000}1
Note: The bottom information bar will show KEY-IN.
28
MENU Pop-up window menu making statement or
MENUU 3D type pop-up window menu making statement.
The menu statement is a high level statement that is a
combination of the WIND, MLIN, KYCK and WLCC statements.
From a menu, the mouse, keyboard or cursor keys can be
used to select a menu item line and the number of that
line will be available using the MLVL statement.
To select a line using the mouse, just move the mouse
cursor to the line and hit the left button. To use the
keyboard, the up or down cursor keys can be used and
then hit the enter key, or hit the number of the line
desired and then hit the enter key. If pick letters
are used, select by hitting that letter and then enter.
If the ESC key is hit, the line level will be 0.
Only one pop-up window or menu at a time can be used.
(MATHX program only)
Format: MENU sub-statement/s
or: MENUU sub-statement/s (3D type)
Sub-statements: (none, any or all can be used)
B = Background color. (color systems only)
C = Column number menu window starts on.
F = Foreground color. (color systems only)
P = Pick letter color. (color systems only)
R = Row number menu window starts on.
T = Type of border. 1=┌─┐ 2=╒═╕ 3=╔═╗ 4=none
BB= Border background color. (color systems only)
BF= Border foreground color. (color systems only)
WC= Window menu columns. (including border)
WR= Window menu rows. (including border)
The above formats are Xnumber or X(expression)
See CC and BC statements for color values.
Note: For any of the above sub-statements not used
in the menu definition, the old or default
values are used. The WIND and MENU statement
share these sub-statement settings.
I = Immediate response to pick letter with no
enter key required.
M = Put Mouse cursor on menu upper left corner.
N = Next line. (for message)
X = Auto-setup and centering of the menu.
Sets the C, R, WC and WR sub-statement values
for the messages entered up to this point.
Note: These sub-statements can still be
changed after using the X sub-statement.
"message" or ;message; See note 1.
All other sub-statements must be used outside
of the "message" or ;message; area.
! = Set the Pick letter for current line.
(To pick a menu item using the keyboard.)
Format: !letter (upper or lower case A-Z)
also allowed 0-9!@#$%&*()_-+=,.<>?/;:'"
Example MENUU BB6 BF15" Select:<enter>
"!Q"uit<enter>
"!R"ight triangle<enter>
"!O"blique triangle "x<enter>
29
MLIN Get the LINe the mouse cursor is on in the pop-up window.
Button information is also returned but in a different
way then the MLOC or KYIN statements. For MON2 mode
only. (MATHX program only)
Format: variable=MLIN
Data returned = line number + buttons used
if any. left=100, right=200, middle=400
If the cursor is not on a line in the pop-up
window, zero or only the button information
is returned for line data.
Example MON2:#1:X=MLIN:if x=0}1:if x>99}2:wlcc(x)
MLOC Get Mouse cursor LOCation and button information.
Data returned is same as the KYIN statement for the
mouse. For MON2 mode only. (MATHX program only)
Format: variable=MLOC
(0 is returned if not in MON2 mode)
Example MON2:#1:x=MLOC:if x<10000}1
MLVL Set or get menu line level. The MENU statement will set
the line level to the number of the line selected.
Format 1: MLVL number or MLVL(expression)
Sets the menu line level to the number or
expression value.
Examples MLVL 2 or MLVL(E+1)
Format 2: variable = MLVL
Gives the value of the menu line level to the
indicated variable.
Example L=MLVL
MOFF Disable mouse operation and turn off mouse cursor.
Does not affect instruction line mouse use. (MATHX only)
MON Enable mouse operation. There are 2 modes: (MATHX only)
MON or MON1: mouse operation for KYIN statement only.
MON2: turn on the mouse and leave on. (See MLOC)
Note: Does not affect instruction line mouse use.
The mouse is disabled in the graphic mode.
MSET Set the cursor location for mouse operation, else the
last mouse cursor location is used. The cursor location
is the number of character positions to the desired
cursor location using line wrapping. (Top left corner=1)
(MATHX program only)
Format: MSET number
or: MSET (expression) See note 2.
Example MSET 741:x=kyin
30
ON On expression value, GOTO or CALL using a given list of
addresses. The address use depends on the value of the
given expression. If expression value = 0 or more then
the number of given locations in the list, then the
statement will continue with no action taken.
Format: ON (expression) G or C {numb,numb,numb,etc.}
G=GOTO
C=CALL or GOSUB
Example ON (x+1) G {10,11,12,13,14,15}
If x+1=4 then the program would GOTO #13.
Example ON (y) C {20,21,22,23}
If y=1 then the program would CALL #20.
If y=0 or if y=5, no CALL would be made.
OUTP Output to I/O Port. Send given data to given output
port. Data and port values can be from 0 to 65535.
Format: OUTP (port expression)(data expression)
or: OUTP port(data expression)
or: OUTP (port expression)data
Example OUTP 200(10):OUTP (201)(5):OUTP (202)6
WARNING! This statement is available only on registered
versions of MATH EXTRA. This statement
is to be used only if you know how your I/O
hardware operates!! If you do not know what
can happen using this statement then DO NOT
use it. Hard disk, floppy disk, video
hardware and much more can be affected!
OVER Set to OVERtype mode. (or use the INSERT key to toggle)
The mode is displayed on the bottom information bar.
PARM Get parameter values statement. (MATHX program only)
Format: variable=PARMx
Parameter Result (else = 0)
PARMA 1 if comma display mode
PARMB 1 if blinking enabled
PARMC 1 if complement hex when negative
PARMDL DIGL statement value
PARMDR DIGR statement value
PARMDQ EREQ statement value
PARME 1 if E scientific notation form
PARMG 0 if DEG, 1 if RAD, 2 if GRAD mode
PARMI 1 if insert line edit mode
PARMK 1 if case check enabled
PARMP 1 if printer enabled
PARMQ 1 if quiet mode enabled
PARMR 1 if no round off of answer
PARMX 1 if scientific notation enabled
Example X=PARMG:if x<>0}}degm
31
POFF Disable Printer operation for DPRN and PRN statements.
PON Enable Printer operation for DPRN and PRN statements.
The bottom information bar will show PRINT.
PRN PRiNt statement: Used to send the answer, answer in hex
form, carriage return and line feed, or other data to
the printer. (if enabled)
Format: PRN sub-statements
Sub-statements: (none, any or all may be used)
A =Answer of previous math expression before PRN.
D =Character (dec.), formats: Dnumber or D(expression)
F =send a Form feed to the printer.
H =answer of previous expression in Hex form.
N =next line (CR & LF to the printer).
O =send CR only to the printer.
S =Spaces, formats: Snumber or S(expression)
U =using answer format. (See DPRN statement)
$ =string memory, format: $letter or $(expression)
"message" or ;message; See note 1.
(math expression) Print the result of. See note 2.
Data statement is allowed.
Variable=expression is not allowed.
Example X=INP:Y=INP:Y*X:PRN H N:
Note: A space is required after PRN if the sub-statement
starts with a letter. The D and S sub-statement
numbers can be 0-255 decimal.
All parameter changes by this statement are
temporary. Old parameters returned when done.
QOFF Quiet mode disabled. Allows sound from BEEP & TONE.
QON Quiet mode. Disable sound from BEEP & TONE statements.
QUIT QUIT instruction line or application file execution.
Not required at the end of the line or file.
RADM Set the angular designation to RADian Mode. The bottom
information bar will show RAD.
RC Restore background and character colors and window and
selected line colors. Also restores pick letter color.
See SC statement. (MATHXR will ignore this statement)
32
RET RETurn to the CALL location. (Ends the sub-routine)
All sub-routines should end with a RET statement.
Note: A QUIT statement is allowed in a sub-routine.
ROFF Turn the Round off of answer display form OFF.
RON Turn the Round off of answer display form ON.
ROW Put the cursor at ROW number. (For application use)
Format: ROW number
or: ROW (expression) See note 2.
Example ROW (x+2)
Example COL0:ROW0 (puts cursor at top left corner)
SAVE: SAVE expression/s and/or statement/s in memory, then
execute line. Only one line can be saved at a time.
(Writes over the previous saved line each time it is
used) See GET command. (Not allowed in defaults file
or application files.
Format: SAVE:expression/s and/or statement/s <enter>
Example SAVE:X=0:#1:X=X+1:DSP;TEST ;AN:IF X<20}1
SC Save background and character colors and window and
selected line colors. Also saves pick letter color.
See RC statement. (MATHXR will ignore this statement)
SLOC Start LOCation for application file. Used to start an
application file (or environment file) at a different
place other then the beginning. See "@" command.
For application or environment file use only.
Note: ALT- pick letters or S-F1 through S-F8 entered
from the main math screen affect the value of
the start location given to the variable. The
environment file uses this statement to get this
information. If using the "@" command, the
variable is given the decimal value of the "@"
command character or if no character was given,
the variable will equal zero.
Format: variable=SLOC
Example x=SLOC:if x<>0}1:x=kyin:#1:if x=97}100
TIME Get TIME from 24 hour clock. (MATHX program only)
Format: variable=TIME
The variable has the following format:
xx.xxxx (hours.minutes seconds)
(The DMS & DEG statements may be used to do
math operations on the time.)
Example x=TIME:aoff:digr2:dsp(x*100)
33
TITLE Put a title on the upper right corner of the application
window. The title must be 24 characters or less in
length or an error message will be displayed. For
application files only.
(MATHX program only)
Format: TITLE=message <enter>
Example TITLE= MATH DEMO PROGRAM <enter>
TONE Send a TONE to the speaker. Seven octaves of musical
frequencies are available.
(MATHXR will ignore this statement)
The tone duration is 1/4 of a second.
Format: TONE number
or: TONE(expression) See note 2.
number can = 0 to 84 (0=1/4 sec. of no tone)
Example TONE10:TONE20:TONE30
Example #1:Tone(rand*.727):goto1:|Hit q to quit|
Tones generated by number or expression value:
1 = C 1 30 = F 3 59 = A# 5
2 = C# 1 31 = F# 3 60 = B 5
3 = D 1 32 = G 3 61 = C 6
4 = D# 1 33 = G# 3 62 = C# 6
5 = E 1 34 = A 3 63 = D 6
6 = F 1 35 = A# 3 64 = D# 6
7 = F# 1 36 = B 3 65 = E 6
8 = G 1 37 = C 4 * 66 = F 6
9 = G# 1 38 = C# 4 67 = F# 6
10 = A 1 39 = D 4 68 = G 6
11 = A# 1 40 = D# 4 69 = G# 6
12 = B 1 41 = E 4 70 = A 6
13 = C 2 42 = F 4 71 = A# 6
14 = C# 2 43 = F# 4 72 = B 6
15 = D 2 44 = G 4 73 = C 7
16 = D# 2 45 = G# 4 74 = C# 7
17 = E 2 46 = A 4 75 = D 7
18 = F 2 47 = A# 4 76 = D# 7
19 = F# 2 48 = B 4 77 = E 7
20 = G 2 49 = C 5 78 = F 7
21 = G# 2 50 = C# 5 79 = F# 7
22 = A 2 51 = D 5 80 = G 7
23 = A# 2 52 = D# 5 81 = G# 7
24 = B 2 53 = E 5 82 = A 7
25 = C 3 54 = F 5 83 = A# 7
26 = C# 3 55 = F# 5 84 = B 7
27 = D 3 56 = G 5
28 = D# 3 57 = G# 5
29 = E 3 58 = A 5 * Middle C.
34
USE USE statement: Used to send the answer, answer in hex
USES form, variables, string memories, or other data to
the command line or to the program from where the MATHXR
program was used. This is done using the keyboard
buffer. A maximum of 60 characters can be sent using
this statement. The MATHXR program is terminated when
the carriage return is hit at the end of this statement.
Spaces are not sent unless the USES form is used. Only
the first 126 characters of the IBM character set are
used, not including the control characters.
Note: If used in an application file, the application
file and MATHXR will be terminated and the data will
be sent to the command line or to the program from
where the MATHXR program was used.
Note: This statement may not work on early PC's and
non-standard BIOS's.
(MATHXR program only.)
Format: USE sub-statements
or: USES sub-statements
Sub-statements: (none, any or all can be used)
A =Answer of previous math expression.
D =Character (dec.), formats: Dnumber or D(expression)
(13 and 20 through 126 are usable)
H =answer of previous expression in Hex form.
N =send a carriage return (ENTER KEY) to the buffer.
S =Spaces, formats: Snumber or S(expression)
(USES statement only, 0-255 allowed)
U =using answer format. (See DPRN statement)
$ =string memory, format: $letter or $(expression)
"message" or ;message; See note 1.
(math expression) Send the result of. See note 2.
Data statement is allowed.
Variable=expression is not allowed.
Example X=INP:Y=INP:Y*X:USE A
Note: A space is required after USE if the sub-statement
starts with a letter.
VIDM Get video mode. The present video mode is placed into
the variable. (Uses BIOS INT 010H function 0FH)
(MATHX only)
Format: variable=VIDM
Example X=VIDM
35
WAIT WAIT (pause), length in seconds. Wait will terminate
if any key or mouse button is hit.
Format: WAIT number
number can = 1 to 120 (seconds)
Example WAIT 10:dsp;Time up;
WDSP Window DISplay data. Sends data to the pop-up window
after the window is on the screen. (MATHX only)
Used to put data in pop-up window that might take time
to get. (like answers to some problems)
Format: WDSP sub-statement/s
Sub-statements: (none, any or all can be used)
A =Answer of previous math expression before WDSP.
B =Background color, formats: Bnumber or B(expression)
D =Character (dec.), formats: Dnumber or D(expression)
F =Foreground color, formats: Fnumber or F(expression)
H =answer of previous expression in Hex form.
L =Line number next, formats: Lnumber or L(expression)
N =next line (move down one line). See note below.
O =start line over (move to start of line).
S =Spaces, formats: Snumber or S(expression)
U =using answer format. (See DPRN statement)
$ =string memory, format: $letter or $(expression)
! = Set the Pick letter for current line.
Not normally used in a window. Will require
additional application programming to handle.
Format: !letter (upper or lower case)
also allowed 0-9!@#$%&*()_-+=,.<>?/;:'"
"message" or ;message; See note 1.
(math expression) The result of. See note 2.
Data statements are allowed.
Variable=expression is not allowed.
Example wind wr4wc40r6c10nnnn:WDSP l1 $x n (x+y) n $y
Note: D and S sub-statement numbers can be from 0-255
decimal. All parameter changes by this statement
are temporary. Old parameters returned when done.
Normally uses the pop-up window colors. The N
sub-statement does not clear the rest of the data
on the line like it does for the WIND statement so
if old data must be cleared, N's must be used in
the WIND statement.
36
WIND Pop-up window making statement or
WINDD 3D type pop-up window making statement. (MATHX only)
Only one pop-up window at a time can be used.
Format: WIND sub-statement/s
or: WINDD sub-statement/s (3D type)
Sub-statements: (none, any or all can be used)
B = Background color. (color systems only)
C = Column number window starts on.
F = Foreground color. (color systems only)
P = Pick letter color. (color systems only)
Not normally used in a window statement.
R = Row number window starts on.
T = Type of border. 1=┌─┐ 2=╒═╕ 3=╔═╗ 4=none
BB= Border background color. (color systems only)
BF= Border foreground color. (color systems only)
WC= Window columns. (including border)
WR= Window rows. (including border)
The above formats are Xnumber or X(expression)
See CC and BC statements for color values.
Note: For any of the above sub-statements not used
in the window definition, the old or default
values are used. The MENU and WIND statements
share sub-statement settings.
M = Put mouse cursor on window upper left corner.
N = Next line. (for message)
X = Auto-setup of the window.
Sets the C, R, WC and WR sub-statement values
for the messages entered up to this point.
The menu is centered on the screen.
Note: These sub-statements can still be
changed after using the X sub-statement.
Z = Do not display a window at this time.
Used to preset window type or colors at the
start of an application.
Note: May also affect the MENU statement.
"message" or ;message; See note 1.
All other sub-statements must be used outside
of the "message" or ;message; area.
! = Set the Pick letter for current line.
Not normally used in a window. Will require
additional application programming to handle.
Format: !letter (upper or lower case)
also allowed 0-9!@#$%&*()_-+=,.<>?/;:'"
Example !G"ames menu"
Note: The INP, DSP and DPRN statements should not be
used when the window is on the screen unless you
do not mind if the window maybe overwritten.
Example WIND R10 C30 WR3 WC10 N" ERROR!":wait5:woff
Example WIND " PICK "N" Yes"N" No"X:i=kyin:woff
37
WLCC Window line color change statement. (MATHX program only)
Used to show a selected line of a pop-up window.
Also used to preselect a line of a MENU.
Format: WLCC sub-statement/s
Sub-statements: (none, any or all can be used)
B = Background color. (color systems only)
F = Foreground color. (color systems only)
L = Line number of window. (1=first line)
Above formats are Xnumber or X(expression)
See CC and BC statement for color values.
C = Complement window line colors. (color systems)
Note: For any sub-statements not used, the old or
default value will be used. The "C" statement
sets the complement mode, "B" & "F" reset it.
The WIND and MENU statements share these
sub-statement settings.
Example wind:WLCC B1 F13 L1:i=mloc
WOFF Turn pop-up Window OFF. (MATHX program only)
Note: The CLS statements will also turn off the window.
XOFF Turn eXponential form (scientific notation) answer
ability OFF. NOTE: If the answer cannot be displayed
without using scientific notation, an error will occur.
EXP-OFF will be displayed on bottom information bar.
XON Turn eXponential form (scientific notation) answer
ability ON.
38
GRAPHIC MODE STATEMENTS
The MATHX program has a graphic mode for displaying graphic
illustrations. The graphics available in this mode are very basic
in nature and are designed only as a simple illustration tool.
This mode uses BIOS level commands and as a result may be somewhat
slow with some video boards. While in the graphic mode, any HEAD,
MENU, WIND, MON, and WDSP statements will be ignored. These
statements do not function in the graphics mode. The INP
statement operation is different in the graphic mode but all other
statements work correctly. Aside from all of that, just about
anything can be displayed using the statements available to the
graphic mode. All graphic drawing statements use dot counts as
values for their sub-statements when a value is required. (See
statements NOTE 2.) All locations are from the upper left corner
of the graphic display area. This area does not include the MATHX
header and varies according to the graphic display mode being
used. For all 16 color modes, you can use the FC statement to set
the color of the items being displayed. The 4 color modes may not
display the correct color. Note! The MATHX graphic mode does not
support the Hercules graphic cards. You may have to add the
GRAPHICS and GRAFTABL commands to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
GRAF Graphic mode display on. Clears the screen and puts the
graphic mode MATHX header at the top of the screen.
Unless set differently by the GMOD statement, the
display will be set to the default video mode for the
video type in use. The graphic mode will stay
active until the GOFF statement is used or until
the application file or instruction line ends.
ARC Display an arc on the graphic screen.
Format: ARC sub-statements
Sub-statements:
(none, any or all can be used in any order)
E = end angle in whole degrees. (360 max)
F = set roundness factor. (10 to 250 percent of Y)
default is 100, for EGA set to 80, for CGA 35.
R = radius of arc in graphic dots. (999 max)
S = start angle in whole degrees. (360 max)
W = set line width in graphic dots. (1 to 25)
X = dot columns from left edge to radius center.
Y = dot rows form top to radius center.
The above formats are Xnumber or X(expression)
H = set horizontal line width direction.
V = set vertical line width direction.
Note: For any sub-statements not used, the old or
default value will be used. The ARC and CIRC
statements share these settings.
The starting and ending angles of the arc are
drawn CCW from 3 o'clock so 0 deg's is at 3
o'clock and 90 deg's is at 12 o'clock.
Example ARC X200 Y100 R50 F78 S10 E170
39
DOT Display a dot on the graphic screen.
Format: DOT sub-statements
Sub-statements:
(none, any or all can be used in any order)
T = type of dot. (default is type 1)
type 1 is a single dot
type 2 is two dot columns by two dot rows
type 3 is three dot columns by three dot rows
X = dot columns from left edge to DOT.
Y = dot rows form top to DOT.
The above formats are Xnumber or X(expression)
Note: For any sub-statements not used, the old or
default value will be used.
Example DOT X30Y40T3
CIRC Display a circle on the graphic screen.
Format: CIRC sub-statements
Sub-statements:
(none, any or all can be used in any order)
F = set roundness factor. (10 to 250 percent of Y)
default is 100, for EGA set to 80, for CGA 35.
R = radius of arc in graphic dots. (999 max)
W = set line width in graphic dots. (1 to 25)
X = dot columns from left edge to radius center.
Y = dot rows form top to radius center.
The above formats are Xnumber or X(expression)
H = set horizontal line width direction.
V = set vertical line width direction.
Note: For any sub-statements not used, the old or
default value will be used.
Example CIRC X200Y100R50F80
GMOD Set the graphic mode for the GRAF statement. Used to
set the mode different from the default mode. Use
before using the GRAF statement. This statement is
ignored when in the graphic mode. Note: If your
display does not support the mode you select, you may
get a different mode or bad displayed video.
Also MATHX does not support 256 colors.
Format: GMODnumber
Modes:
4 (320 by 200 4 color CGA)
5 (320 by 200 4 color CGA)
6 (640 by 200 2 color CGA)
13 (320 by 200 16 color EGA)
14 (640 by 200 16 color EGA)
15 (640 by 350 2 color EGA)
16 (640 by 350 4,16 color EGA)
17 (640 by 480 2 color VGA)
18 (640 by 480 16 color VGA)
19 (320 by 200 256 color VGA)
Example GMOD6:graf:fc4:circ x50y40r30
40
GOFF Turn graphic mode off and return to the normal MATHX
screen.
INPUT INPut from the keyboard to a variable or string memory.
The MATHX graphic mode input statement does not support
all of the line editing and cursor control keys that
the normal input statement supports. Only the back-
space key is supported. If you have to change what
you have entered, you must backspace back to it to
change it. Also the functions keys and ctrl-x are not
allowed and the F1 or S-F10 keys will not bring up help
information. The length of the allowed input is also
controlled by how much of the line is remaining from
where the input starts on the graphic screen. The
graphic screen uses a 80 character line so if your
input statement starts in the middle of the screen
you will not have the full 60 character input ability.
See the non-graphic INPUT statement for format and
other information.
LINE Display a line on the graphic screen.
Format: LINE sub-statements
Sub-statements:
(none, any or all can be used in any order)
T = type of line. (default is type 1)
type 1 __________________________
type 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
type 3 ..........................
type 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
W = width of line in dots. (25 max)
(direction is determined by line direction)
X = dot columns from left edge to start of line.
Y = dot rows form top to start of line.
EX = dot colomns from left edge to end of line.
EY = dot rows form top to end of line.
The above formats are Xnumber or X(expression)
Note: For any sub-statements not used, the old or
default value will be used.
Example LINE x50y50ex50ey150t2
41
STATEMENT NOTES
Note 1: Care must be taken when using "message" or ;message;
sub-statements of the DPRN, DSP, PRN, WIND, WDSP, MENU
and HEAD statements. These sub-statements do not end
when a carriage return is entered. The carriage return
is passed on to the display and/or printer. Therefor
a message can be many lines long. This is nice for
programming but also is a problem. Care must be use
to make sure the message ends with the same character
as it was started with. The starting character must
not be used again until the end of the message.
Example: for the display message DSP;Hit "Y" for yes;
do not enter DSP"Hit "Y" for yes". A syntax error
would be the result. In some cases a message error
would not be detected until far into the program.
Everything would be treated as a message until the
next message sub-statement using the same starting
character. It is easy to forget the ending character
when the message is many lines long. The syntax error
may end up in a place far away from the actual error.
Also note, all the display, print and window statements
using the message sub-statement will end at the end of
the current line unless a message sub-statement forces
it to use more lines.
Note 2: Many statements and sub-statements allow the use of the
form (expression). The statement or sub-statement uses
the value of the math expression between parentheses
in place of a direct number. Any math expression
allowed on the instruction line is allowed here. Some
statements or sub-statements allow only a specific range
of values. Then the allowed value closest to the value
of the expression will be used. Also, the DPRN, DSP,
PRN and WDSP statements allow (expression) as a sub-
statement by itself. In this case the resulting value
of the expression will be displayed or printed. In all
other cases the ABSOLUTE VALUE OF THE INTEGER OF THE
EXPRESSION RESULT (positive whole number) will be used
in place of a direct number. Remember, the expression
must be placed between parentheses when used with a
statement or sub-statement that allows its use.
Examples:
DSP R(X) C(Y) (Z*2-T/3)
PRN S(X+2) ;VARIABLE Z=; (Z)
BC(X''):CC(Y'')
42
COMMANDS
Commands are used to obtain information, save or get data, exit to
DOS command shell or edit instructions. When used in the
instruction line, the command is usually the only thing allowed
on the line. When used in an application file or defaults file,
they can end with a carriage return (<enter> key). Some commands
are only allowed in the instruction line. The following is a list
of the commands in alphabetical order and the required
information about the command. Formats; and in some cases,
examples are given for each command. Commands can be entered in
either upper or lower case letters. Some of the commands are not
allowed in MATHXR.
DEL Delete file command. Only one file at a time can be
deleted. (* and ? characters not allowed in file name)
MATHX program only.
Format: DEL drive:\dir\filename <enter>
Example DEL temp.var <enter>
DOS Go to DOS command shell. (MATHX program only) Enter
EXIT on command line to return back to MATHX program.
Uses the COMSPEC environment to find COMMAND.COM or
its equivalent and it must be present on the boot drive.
Not allowed in defaults file or application files.
(needs 256K of available memory before running MATHX)
Format: DOS <enter>
EDIT Edit the application file now loaded in the MATHX
program. (MATHX program only) EDIT uses the program
defined by the EDITOR statement to edit the file.
Returns to the MATHX program when done editing and loads
the revised application file. Not allowed in defaults
file or application files.
(needs 256K+ of available memory before running)
Format: EDIT <enter>
GET GET the instruction line that was saved by the SAVE
statement or command. See SAVE statement and command.
The saved line will be displayed and the REDO ENTRY
message will appear on the bottom information bar.
Not allowed in defaults file or application files.
Format: GET <enter>
43
HELP Display the HELP WINDOW. (MATHX program only)
Not allowed in defaults file or application files.
Format: HELP <enter> or ? <enter>
Note: Shift F10 will display the HELP WINDOW
at any point in the instruction line.
LIST LIST the function key definitions. Not allowed in
defaults file or application files.
Format: LIST <enter>
LOAD LOAD into memory an application file. The application
stays in memory until a new application is loaded or
until the math program is ended. (MATHX program only)
Format: LOAD filename <enter>
or : LOAD drive:\dir\filename <enter>
Note: Can be used in the MATHX.DFT file.
The name of the file will be displayed on the right
side of the top information bar. If the application
has an .ENV file, that file will be loaded too. (The
application filename.ENV file is used to add a menu
to the operating environment.)
LODM LOaD all string Memories from a file command. (MATHX
program only) All string memory files are given the
extension .MEM. Can be used in MATHX.DFT and MATHX
application files.
Format: LODM filename <enter>
or : LODM drive:\dir\filename <enter>
or : LODM <enter> (loads the MATHX.MEM file)
Example lodm special
LODV LOaD Variables from a file command. (MATHX only)
All are loaded unless the /3 switch is used. The /3
switch allows only variables A' through Z''' to be
loaded. All variable files have the extension .VAR
Can be used in MATHX.DFT and MATHX application files.
Format: LODV filename <enter>
or : LODV drive:\dir\filename <enter>
or : LODV <enter> (loads the MATHX.VAR file)
Example LODV special
Example LODV MATHX /3
44
RUN Load and RUN a secondary application file. Does not
save the loaded file in memory. Does not remove a
primary application file from the memory.
Not allowed in defaults file or application files.
(MATHX program only)
Format: RUN filename <enter>
or : RUN drive:\dir\filename <enter>
Example RUN CONVERT.UTL <enter>
SAVE SAVE the previous instruction line entry command in
memory. Only one line can be saved at a time. (Writes
over the previous saved line each time it is used)
See GET command. Not allowed in defaults file or
application files.
Format: SAVE <enter>
SAVM SAVe string Memories ($A thru $Z) to a file. (MATHX
program only) All string memory files are given the
extension .MEM. Can be used in MATHX.DFT and MATHX
application files.
Format: SAVM filename <enter>
or : SAVM drive:\dir\filename <enter>
or : SAVM <enter> (saves to MATHX.MEM file)
Example SAVM special
SAVV SAVe all Variables to a file. (MATHX program only)
All variable files are given the extension .VAR.
Can be used in MATHX.DFT and MATHX application files.
Format: SAVV filename <enter>
or : SAVV drive:\dir\filename <enter>
or : SAVV <enter> (saves to MATHX.VAR file)
Example SAVV special
STAT Display STATus of math control parameters. Only the
parameters not displayed on the bottom information
bar are displayed and the statements now in effect
are in (). (MATHX program only)
Format: STAT <enter>
@ Run the application file. (If one is loaded.)
Must be the only thing on the instruction line.
Not allowed in an application file.
Not allowed in MATHXR.DFT file. If used in MATHX.DFT
file, application is run on startup.
Format 1: @ <enter>
Format 2: @ character <enter>
The character can be an upper or lower case
letter from A to Z (case is used).
See SLOC statement.
45
ENVIRONMENT FILE
MATH EXTRA (MATHX) can use a file named MATHX.ENV to setup an
operating environment for the math program. This file is used to
program and control the pop-down menus that make this program
easier to use. The mouse or cursor control when using the pop-
down menus are also controlled by this file. The environment file
is used every time the mouse is clicked on the header line, the
SHIFT-F1 through SHIFT-F8 keys are hit or the header ALT- pick
letter keys are entered. If no action is required, the file is
exited. Also, some environment file commands are not executed
until the environment file is exited. All of the menu functions
and selected tasks are controlled by the MATHX.ENV file. If an
application file has an environment file, that information will be
placed at the end of the MATHX.ENV file data and all the call or
jump statement locations of the MATHX.ENV file will be available
to the application environment. All the statements and commands
available for the math program and application files, except the
INP statement, can be used in the environment file. All the
following statements and commands except the ENVIR command are for
the environment file use only.
APLI Get application file information. The returned data
will equal 0 if no application file is loaded, 1 if
an application file is loaded in memory and 2 if an
application file and an application environment file
is loaded. The application environment file must
have the same name as the application but with the
extension (.ENV). The application.ENV file is used
to give the environment a menu for the control of the
application if one is desired.
Format: variable=APLI
AWBB Set or get application window border background color.
Can be used in two ways. See the BC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=AWBB
Format 2: AWBB number or AWBB(expression)
AWBF Set or get application window border foreground color.
Can be used in two ways. See the CC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=AWBF
Format 2: AWBF number or AWBF(expression)
CLRL Clear the instruction line command. Used like CTRL-X by
the environment file to clear the instruction line of
all characters that have been entered. This command
sets a flag to execute a CTRL-X when the environment
file is exited.
46
EHB Set or get environment header background color.
Can be used in two ways. See the BC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=EHB
Format 2: EHB number or EHB(expression)
EHF Set or get environment header foreground color.
Can be used in two ways. See the CC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=EHF
Format 2: EHF number or EHF(expression)
ELCB Set or get window selected line background color.
Can be used in two ways. See the BC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=ELCB
Format 2: ELCB number or ELCB(expression)
ELCF Set or get window selected line foreground color.
Can be used in two ways. See the CC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=ELCF
Format 2: ELCF number or ELCF(expression)
ENVIR Call environment file sub-routine command. Used in the
MATHX.DFT file only. This command is used by the
defaults file to cause the environment file so display
the environment header. If not done, the environment
header would not be displayed until the mouse cursor was
clicked on the header line.
EVHD Display environment header line statement. See HEAD
statement for sub-statement descriptions and use.
Once this statement is used by the environment file
the HEAD and HOFF statements will not work from the
instruction line. (they can still be used by an
application file)
47
EWB Set or get environment menu windows background color.
Can be used in two ways. See the BC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=EWB
Format 2: EWB number or EWB(expression)
EWF Set or get environment menu windows foreground color.
Can be used in two ways. See the CC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=EWF
Format 2: EWF number or EWF(expression)
EWBB Set or get environment window border background color.
Can be used in two ways. See the BC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=EWBB
Format 2: EWBB number or EWBB(expression)
EWBF Set or get environment window border foreground color.
Can be used in two ways. See the CC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=EWBF
Format 2: EWBF number or EWBF(expression)
EXIT Exit MATH EXTRA and return to DOS command. This command
sets a flag to execute an <ESC> when the environment
file is exited.
FDIR Find first file using the given file spec and put the
name in string memory. The * and ? characters can be
used. Used to find a file to be loaded later.
Note: A comma or carriage return must be used after this
command in the environment file.
Format: $memory = FDIR path\name
Example $X=FDIR *.APL,
Example $Z=FDIR C:\MATH\FILES\*.UTL,
48
GETM Load the normal string memories into the environment
file string memories. The environment file uses a
different set of string memories during its operation
and this statement is used to allow the environment the
see the contents of the normal set of string memories.
GETV The environment file uses a different set of variables
during its operation and this statement is used to allow
the environment the see the contents of the normal set
of variables.
ENVIRONMENT NORMAL
A to Z
A' to Z' = A to Z
A'' to Z'' = A' to Z'
A''' to Z''' = A'' to Z''
A''' to Z'''
This statement loads the normal variables A''' to Z'''
to the environment variables A to Z.
LIST Send the F1 to F8 key definitions to the currently
displayed window. Same as the normal LIST statement
except the data is only sent to a window.
LOAD$ Load into application file memory the file named in the
given string memory.
Format: LOAD$memory character
or: LOAD$(expression)
Example LOAD$A
(The file named in $A will be loaded.)
( LOAD$(1) would do the same thing.)
MWBB Set or get MATHX border background color.
Can be used in two ways. See the BC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=MWBB
Format 2: MWBB number or MWBB(expression)
MWBF Set or get MATHX border foreground color.
Can be used in two ways. See the CC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=MWBF
Format 2: MWBF number or MWBF(expression)
49
NDIR Find the next file using the given file spec of the FDIR
command. The FDIR command must be used before NDIR can
be used.
Format: $memory=NDIR
Example $a=FDIR *.APL,$b=NDIR,$c=NDIR
PLC Get or set the pick letter color. This color is used
throughout all wind, menu, and header statements,
environment or otherwise. Can be used in two ways.
See the FC statement for color values.
Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=PLC
Format 2: PLC number or PLC(expression)
RUN$ Run an application file using the string memory for
the file name. Does not load file into application
memory. (Temporary load and run.) Mainly used for
short utilities. This command sets a flag to execute
the command when the environment file is exited.
Format: RUN$memory character
or: RUN$(expression)
Example RUN$A
(The file named in $A will be run.)
( RUN$(1) would do the same thing.)
SAVS Save parameters and color setup to the MATHX.SET file.
MATH EXTRA loads this file when it starts up.
UWBB Set or get utility window border background color.
Can be used in two ways. See the BC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=UWBB
Format 2: UWBB number or UWBB(expression)
UWBF Set or get utility window border foreground color.
Can be used in two ways. See the CC statement for color
values. Format 1 is used to get the current color value
and format 2 is used to set the color.
Format 1: variable=UWBF
Format 2: UWBF number or UWBF(expression)
50
ERROR MESSAGES
Already Installed
Displayed when an attempt is made to install MATHXR
and it is already installed.
Cannot Uninstall
Displayed when an attempt is made to uninstall
MATHXR and some other resident program that uses
the same interrupts as MATHXR, was installed
after MATHXR. MATHXR should be installed last.
COULD NOT FIND EDITOR FILE OR NOT ENOUGH MEMORY!
EDIT TERMINATED!
Displayed when the editor is not defined or not found
or there is not enough memory available to run it.
See the EDITOR statement.
DATA STATEMENT ERROR (VARIABLE TOO BIG)
Displayed when the variable used for a DATA
statement has a value that is larger than the
number of data positions in the data part of the
DATA statement.
example X=6:DATA X {0,10,20,30,40,50}
(remember there is a zero position in the data)
DISPLAY FORM ERROR
Displayed when the answer (decimal form) cannot be
displayed in the form allowed by DIGL and XOFF
statements. Turn XON or make DIGL bigger.
DIVIDE BY ZERO ERROR
Displayed when at some point in the math expression
an attempt is made to divide by zero or divide by
a variable that equals zero.
ERROR, Bad COMSPEC data!
Displayed when using the DOS command of the MATHX
program and the program cannot find COMSPEC= in the
environment. Try adding SET COMSPEC=COMMAND.COM
on a separate line in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file.
You may have to include the path to COMMAND.COM!
51
EXPONENT OVERFLOW ERROR
Displayed when at some point in the math expression
the exponent of the answer register goes over 200.
(EDITOR statement over 40 characters long)
SYNTAX ERROR
Displayed when the editor path and command are over 40
characters long. (MATHX program only)
FILE LOAD ERROR, could not find file!
Displayed when the program could not find the
variables or string memories file asked for.
Check and see if the right name was entered.
(MATHX program only)
FILE LOAD ERROR, could not open file!
Displayed when for some reason the variable or
string memories file could not be opened.
(MATHX program only)
FILE LOAD ERROR, wrong file type!
Displayed when the variables or string memories
file being loaded is not of the same version or
not the right type for what is asked for.
Example, trying to load a string memory file into
the variables. (MATHX program only)
FILE WRITE ERROR, access denied!
Displayed when the variables or string memories
are being saved to a read only disk or for some
other reason the program was denied access to the
disk. (MATHX program only)
FILE WRITE ERROR, not enough memory!
Displayed when there is not enough memory on the
disk for the variables or string memories file.
(MATHX program only)
52
FILE READ ERROR!
Displayed when for some reason the file could not
be read.
(FKEY definition over 40 characters long)
SYNTAX ERROR
Displayed when there are more then 40 characters
between FKEY= and <enter>.
FUNCTION DEFINITION
SYNTAX ERROR
Displayed when the string for the definable
function being used has a syntax error in it.
Look at the string statement used by the function
for the error.
GOTO or CALL location number 0 not allowed!
Displayed when an attempt is made to define a GOTO
location as 0. (:#0:) Location 0 is reserved for
the start of the instruction line or the start of
the math application file.
GOTO or CALL location number not defined!
Displayed when an attempt is made to GOTO a
location that does not have a # number defined
position.
GOTO or CALL location number too big! (over 25)
Displayed when an attempt is made to GOTO a
location greater then 25 in the instruction line
or when an attempt is made to define a GOTO
location that is greater then 25 in the
instruction line.
GOTO or CALL location number used already!
Displayed when an attempt is made to assign two or
more GOTO locations the same number.
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HEX OVERFLOW ERROR!
Displayed when the Hex value is greater than
0FFFFFFFF. (This is the limit of the hex register)
LOG OF ZERO OR NEGATIVE NUMBER ERROR
Displayed when an attempt is made to get the LOG
or LN of zero, a negative number, or a variable
that equals zero or a negative number.
Math application file too long to load! (Over 30K)
Displayed when an attempt is made to load an
application file for MATHXR that is more then 30K
in length.
MATHX.DFT file too long to load! (Over 2K)
MATHXR.DFT file too long to load! (Over 1K)
Displayed when an attempt is made by MATHXR
defaults file that is more than 1K in length or
MATHX to load a default file that is more than
2K in length.
Math application file not given!
Displayed when installing MATHXR and no math
application file was given. Displayed for
information only. A math application file is
not required. MATHXR is still installed.
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APPLICATION file not loaded!
Displayed when an attempt is made to use a math
application file and no application file was
loaded.
Not Installed
Displayed when an attempt is made to uninstall
MATHXR, and MATHXR was not installed.
Parameter too long ERROR!
Displayed when a command line parameter has more
then 40 characters. If the path and file name is
more then 40 characters long.
POWER (ROOT) OF NEGATIVE NUMBER ERROR
Displayed when an attempt is made to take a
negative number or variable to a power that
includes a root portion. example -2^2.125
Printer does not acknowledge or is out of paper!
Displayed when PON statement is active and an
attempt is made to send something to the printer
and the printer does not acknowledge or is out of
paper. (printer not turned on)
SQUARE ROOT OF NEGATIVE NUMBER ERROR
Displayed when an attempt is made to square root a
negative number or a variable that has a negative
value.
STACK ERROR, TOO MANY ()
Displayed when too many parentheses are used in an
expression. Not very likely, over 100 allowed.
String memories not loaded!
Displayed when the MATHX program had trouble
opening or reading the string memories file and
was not able to load the string memories.
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String memories not saved!
Displayed when the MATHX program had trouble
opening or writing the string memories file and
was not able to save the string memories.
SYNTAX ERROR
Displayed when data or an instruction is missing,
not in the correct form or when a statement is not
in the correct form or not separated with a colon
or comma. The instruction line is returned and the
cursor is set at the location of the error.
SYNTAX ERROR
THE NEXT 50 CHARACTERS FROM THE POINT OF ERROR ARE:
Displayed when an application file, defaults data
or help file being used has a syntax error. In this
case the next 50 characters are displayed from the
point of the error or until the end of the file,
whichever comes first. (end of file is indicated by
a small left arrow)
(TITLE statement over 24 characters long!)
SYNTAX ERROR
Displayed when the title statement has more then 24
characters between TITLE= and <enter>. (MATHX only)
Too many parameters ERROR!
Displayed when the command line has more then just
the name of a file to be loaded or if an
application file's extension has more then three
characters.
Variables not loaded!
Displayed when the MATHX program had trouble
opening or reading the variables file and was
unable to load the variables.
Variables not saved!
Displayed when the MATHX program had trouble
opening or writing to the variables file and
was unable to save the variables.
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